Overview
Frozen shoulder is a condition of shoulder stiffness and pain due to thickening and tightening of the joint capsule.

Causes and risk factors
Often idiopathic but associated with diabetes, thyroid disease, and prolonged immobilization after injury.

Symptoms
Gradual onset of pain and progressive loss of shoulder motion, especially external rotation.

Diagnosis
Clinical evaluation; imaging may be used to exclude other causes.

Treatment
Physical therapy, NSAIDs, intra‑articular corticosteroid injection, and time. In refractory cases, manipulation under anesthesia or arthroscopic release may be considered.

When to seek care
Early evaluation is helpful to restore motion and reduce pain.