Overview
Cauda equina syndrome is compression of the nerve roots at the base of the spinal cord. It is a surgical emergency.

Causes and risk factors
Large disc herniation, spinal stenosis, trauma, tumor, or infection can compress the nerves.

Symptoms
Severe low back pain, saddle anesthesia, weakness in the legs, and loss of bowel or bladder control.

Diagnosis
Urgent clinical assessment and MRI.

Treatment
Immediate surgical decompression is typically required.

When to seek care
Any bowel/bladder changes, saddle numbness, or sudden leg weakness needs emergency care.