Overview
Hammer toe is a deformity where a toe bends at the middle joint, often due to muscle imbalance.

Causes and risk factors
Tight shoes, high heels, and foot mechanics are common contributors.

Symptoms
Toe deformity, pain, and corns or calluses.

Diagnosis
Clinical exam; X‑ray if needed.

Treatment
Footwear changes, pads, stretching, and splinting. Surgery may be needed for rigid deformities.

When to seek care
Persistent pain or worsening deformity should be evaluated.