Overview
ACL reconstruction replaces a torn ligament with a graft to restore knee stability.

Indications
Instability during pivoting activities, high athletic demands, or combined ligament injuries.

Procedure overview
A graft (autograft or allograft) is placed through tunnels in the femur and tibia and fixed in place.

Recovery
Rehabilitation is essential; return to sport commonly takes 6–12 months.

Risks and complications
Graft failure, stiffness, infection, and blood clots.

Alternatives
Non‑operative management for low‑demand patients with stable knees.