Overview
Bone grafting uses bone material to promote healing or fill defects.

Indications
Non‑union fractures, bone loss, or spinal fusion.

Procedure overview
Graft is taken from the patient or a donor and placed at the defect site.

Recovery
Healing varies by site and graft type; activity restrictions may apply.

Risks and complications
Pain at donor site, infection, or graft failure.

Alternatives
Synthetic graft substitutes.