Overview
MACI (matrix‑assisted autologous chondrocyte implantation) repairs focal cartilage defects using a patient’s own cultured cells.

Indications
Symptomatic focal cartilage defects in younger patients without advanced arthritis.

Procedure overview
Cartilage cells are harvested, cultured, and implanted on a scaffold into the defect.

Recovery
Protected weight‑bearing and lengthy rehab; return to sport may take 9–12 months.

Risks and complications
Graft failure, stiffness, and persistent pain.

Alternatives
Microfracture or osteochondral grafting.