Overview
Microfracture creates small holes in bone to stimulate cartilage‑like repair tissue in focal defects.

Indications
Small, contained cartilage defects in the knee or other joints.

Procedure overview
Arthroscopic awls create microfractures to release marrow cells that form repair tissue.

Recovery
Non‑weight‑bearing for several weeks and structured rehabilitation are crucial for success.

Risks and complications
Incomplete healing, symptom recurrence, and need for future procedures.

Alternatives
OATS, MACI, or osteochondral allograft.