Overview
External fixation stabilizes fractures using pins and an external frame.

Indications
Open fractures, severe soft‑tissue injury, or when internal fixation is not suitable.

Procedure overview
Pins are inserted into bone and connected to an external frame.

Recovery
Careful pin‑site care and gradual rehabilitation.

Risks and complications
Pin‑site infection, loosening, and discomfort.

Alternatives
Internal fixation once soft‑tissue condition allows.