Overview
Total knee replacement resurfaces damaged joint surfaces with metal and plastic components to reduce pain and improve mobility.

Indications
Advanced knee arthritis with severe pain, stiffness, and functional limitation despite non‑surgical care.

Procedure overview
The surgeon removes damaged cartilage and a small amount of bone, balances the ligaments, and implants femoral, tibial, and often patellar components.

Recovery
Early motion and walking are encouraged. Physical therapy is essential for regaining range of motion and strength. Many patients resume daily activities within weeks, with continued improvement over months.

Risks and complications
Infection, blood clots, stiffness, implant loosening, and nerve injury.

Alternatives
Medications, injections, bracing, and activity modification.